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		<title>Weird characters in html page &#8211; chunked &#8211; output buffer</title>
		<link>http://www.thewebpractice.com/weird-characters</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 22 Apr 2010 04:59:26 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[I noticed some weird code while checking a website (http://www.slotsmamma.com) via a html viewer, the following is the
example of the characters,

 &#39;197(CR)(LF)&#39;, &#39;19a(CR)(LF)&#39; or &#39;19a(CR)(LF)&#39;

I don&#39;t see anything wrong with the html, these characters seem only appearing when visiting the page from html viewer and telnet. From chatting with a Linux guru, we found that
 [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<pre><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">I noticed some weird code while checking a website (<a href="http://www.slotsmamma.com" target="_blank">http://www.slotsmamma.com</a>) via a html viewer, the following is the
example of the characters,

 &#39;197(CR)(LF)&#39;, &#39;19a(CR)(LF)&#39; or &#39;19a(CR)(LF)&#39;

I don&#39;t see anything wrong with the html, these characters seem only appearing when visiting the page from html viewer and telnet. From chatting with a Linux guru, we found that
 this happens because of the html being chunked up. 

------------------8&lt;-----------------------
Receiving Header:
[...]
Transfer-Encoding:&middot;chunked(CR)(LF)
[...]
------------------8&lt;-----------------------</span></span></pre>
<p><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">PHP uses a output buffer of off by default. I changed the php.ini and setup 4096 bytes for the output buffer, any page smaller than that will not get chunked.</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Output buffering allows you to send header lines (including cookies) even after you send body content, at the price of slowing PHP&#39;s output layer a bit.&nbsp; You can enable output buffering during runtime by calling the output buffering functions.&nbsp; You can also enable output buffering for all files by setting this directive to On.&nbsp; If you wish to limit the size of the buffer to a certain size - you can use a maximum number of bytes instead of &#39;On&#39;, as a value for this directive (e.g., output_buffering=4096).<br />
	</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
	</span></span></p>
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